Michael Schwartz MD - Expanded Publication List

Baura, G, Foster, D, Porte, D, Jr., Kahn, SE, Bergman, RN, Cobelli, C, Schwartz, MW. Saturable transport of insulin from plasma into the central nervous system of dogs in vivo:  A mechanism for regulated insulin delivery to the brain. J Clin Invest. 92: 1824-1830, 1993.

Sipols AJ, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Effect of intracerebroventricular insulin infusion on diabetic hyperphagia and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression. Diabetes. 44:147-151, 1995.

Schwartz MW, Baskin DG, Bukowski TR, et al. Specificity of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in ob/ob mice. Diabetes. 45:531-535, 1996.

Porte D Jr, Schwartz MW. Diabetes complications: Why is glucose potentially toxic? Science. 272:699-70, 1996.

Schwartz MW, Peskind E, Raskind M, Nicolson M, Moore J, Morawiecki A, Boyko EJ, Porte D Jr. Cerebrospinal Fluid leptin levels: Relationship to plasma levels and to adiposity in humans. Nature Medicine. 2:589-93, 1996.

Schwartz MW, Seeley RJ, Campfield LA, Burn P, Baskin DG. Identification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamus. J Clin Invest. 98:1101-1106, 1996.

Schwartz MW, Seeley RJ. Neuroendocrine aspects of Starvation and Weight Loss. New Eng J Med. 336:1802-1811, 1997.

Seeley RJ, Yagaloff KA, Fisher SL, Burn P, Thiele TE, van Dijk G, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Melanocortin receptors in leptin effects. Nature.  390:349, 1997.

Schwartz MW, Seeley RJ, Weigle DS, Woods SC, Campfield LA, Burn P, Baskin DG. Leptin increases proopimelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression in the rostral arcuate nucleus. Diabetes. 46:2119-2123, 1997.

Baskin DG, Seeley RJ, Kuijper JL, Lok S, Weigle DS, Erickson JC, Palmiter RD, Schwartz MW.  Increased expression of mRNA for the long form of the leptin receptor (OB-Rb) in the hypothalamus is associated with leptin hypersensitivity and fasting. Diabetes. 47:535-543, 1998.

Chavez M, Seeley RJ, Havel PJ, Friedman M, Woods SC, Schwartz MW. Effect of a high-fat diet on hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression in streptozotocin diabetes. J Clin Invest. 102:340-346, 1998.

Hahn T, Breininger JF, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Coexpression of Agrp and NPY in fasting-activated hypothalamic neurons. Nature Neuroscience. 1:271-272, 1998.

Schwartz MW, Erickson JC, Baskin DG, Palmiter RD. Effect of fasting and leptin deficiency on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene transcription in vivo revealed by expression of a lacZ reporter gene. Endocrinology. 139:2629-2635, 1998.

Sindelar DK, Havel PJ, Seeley RJ, Wilkinson, CW, Woods SC and Schwartz MW. Low plasma leptin levels contribute to diabetic hyperphagia. Diabetes. 48:1275-1280, 1999.

Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Porte D Jr, Schwartz MW. Signals that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis.  Science. 280:1378-1383, 1998.

Baskin DG, Breininger JF, Schwartz MW. Leptin receptor mRNA identifies a subpopulation of neuropeptide Y neurons activated by fasting in rat hypothalamus. Diabetes. 48:828-833, 1999.

Schwartz MW. Mahogany adds color to the evolving story of body weight regulation. Nature Med. 5:374-375, 1999.

Schwartz MW, Kahn SE. Insulin resistance and obesity. Nature. 402:860-861, 1999.

Mystkowski P, Seeley RJ. Hahn TM, Baskin DG, Havel PJ, Matsumoto AM, Wilkinson CW, Peacock-Kinzig K, Blake K, and Schwartz MW. Hypothalamicmelanocortin concentrating hormone and estrogen-induced weight loss.  J Neuroscience. 20:8637-8642, 2000.

Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Porte D Jr., and Baskin DG. Central nervous system control of food intake.  Nature. 404:661-671, 2000.

Havel PJ, Hahn T, Sindelar DK, Baskin DG, Dallman MF, Weigle, DS, and Schwartz MW. Effects of streptozotocin diabetes and insulin treatment onthe hypothalamic melanocortin system and muscle uncoupling protein 3 expression in rats. Diabetes. 49:244-252, 2000.

Kaiyala KJ, Prigeon RL, Kahn SE, Woods SC, and Schwartz MW. Obesity induced by a high-fat diet is associated with reduced brain transport in dogs. Diabetes. 49:1525-1533, 2000.

McMinn JE, Sidelar DK, Havel PJ, Schwartz MW. Leptin deficiency induced by fasting impairs the satiety response to cholecystokinin. Endocrinology. 141:4442-4447, 2000.

Cummings DE and Schwartz MW. Melanocortins and body weight regulation: A tale of two receptors. Nature Genetics. 26:8-9, 2000.

Schwartz MW. Staying slim with insulin in mind. Science. 2089:266-267, 2000.

Wisse BE, Frayo RS, Schwartz MW, Cummings DE. Reversal of cancer anorexia by blockade of central melanocortin receptors in rats. Endocrinology. 142:3292-3301, 2001.

Niswender KD, Morton GJ, Stearns WH, Rhodes CJ, Myers MG, Schwartz MW. Key enzyme in leptin-induced anorexia. Nature. 413:794-795, 2001.

Schwartz MW. Progress in the search for neuronal mechanisms coupling type 2 diabetes to obesity. J Clin Invest. 108:963-964, 2001.

Wisse BE, Schwartz MW. Role of melanocortins in control of obesity. Lancet. 358:857-859, 2001.

Sindelar DK, Mystkowski P, Marsh DJ, Palmiter RD, and Schwartz MW. Attenuation of diabetic hyperphagia in neuropeptide Y-deficient mice. Diabetes. 51:778-783, 2002.

Barsh GS, Schwartz MW. Genetic approaches to studying energy balance: Perception and integration. Nature Reviews Genetics. 3:589-600, 2002.

Schwartz MW, Morton GJ. Keeping hunger at bay. Nature. 418:595-596, 2002.

Schwartz MW, Gelling R. Rats lighten up with MCH antagonist. Nature Medicine. 8:779-780, 2002.

Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Barsh GS, Baskin DG and Leibel RL. Is the energy homeostasis system inherently biased towards weight gain?  Diabetes. 52:232-238, 2003.

Cummings DE, Schwartz MW.  Genetics and Pathophysiology of Human Obesity. Annu Rev Med. 54:453-471 2003.

Niswender, K. D., Morrison C. D, Clegg, D.J., Olson R., Baskin, D.G., Myers, M.G. Jr,. Seeley, R.J., Schwartz MW. Insulin activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: a key mediator of insulin-induced anorexia. Diabetes. 52:227-231, 2003.

Bates SH, Stearns WH, Schubert M, Tso AWK, Wang Y, Banks AS, Dundon T, Lavery HJ, Haq AK, Maratos-Flier E, Neel BG, Schwartz MW, and Myers MG Jr.Leptin receptor-STAT3 signaling is required for leptin regulation of energy balance but not reproduction. Nature. 421:856-859, 2003.

Morton GJ, Niswender KD, Rhodes CJ, Myers MG, Jr., Blevins JE, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Arcuate nucleus-specific leptin receptor gene therapy attenuates the obesity phenotype of Koletsky (fak/fak) rats. Endocrinology. 144:2016-2024, 2003.

Wisse BE, Schwartz MW. The skinny on neurotrophins. Nature Neuroscience. 6:655-656, 2003.

Sindelar DK, St. Marie L, Maura GI, Palmiter RD, McMinn JE and Schwartz MW. Neuropeptide Y is required for hyperphagic feeding in response to neuroglucopenia. Endocrinology. 145(7):3363-8, 2004.

Gelling RW, Overduin J, Morrison CD, Morton GJ, R. Frayo S, Cummings DE and Schwartz MW. Effect of uncontrolled diabetes on plasma ghrelin concentrations and ghrelin-induced feeding. Endocrinology. 145:4575-4582, 2004.

Schwartz MW, Niswender K: Adiposity signaling and biological defense against weight gain: Absence of protection or central hormone resistance? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 89:5889-5897, 2004.

Schwartz MW, Porte D Jr. Diabetes, Obesity and the Brain. Science. 307:375-379, 2005.

Morton GJ, Blevins JE, Williams DL, Niswender KD, Gelling RW, Rhodes CJ, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Leptin action in the forebrain regulates the hindbrain response to satiety signals. J Clin Invest. 115:703-710, 2005.

Porte D Jr., Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Insulin signaling in the central nervous system: a critical role in metabolic homeostasis and disease from c. elegans to man. Diabetes. 54:1264-1276, 2005.

Williams D, Schwartz MW. The melanocortin system as a central integrator of direct and indirect controls of food intake. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 289:R2-3, 2005.

Williams D, Schwartz MW. Out of synch: Clock mutation causes obesity in mice. Cell Metab. 1:355-356, 2005.

Morrison CD, Morton GJ, Niswender KD, Gelling RW and Schwartz MW. Leptin inhibits hypothalamic Npy and Agrp gene expression via a mechanism thatrequires phosphotidylinositol 3-OH kinase signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 289:E1051-1057, 2005.

Kim F, Tyselling K, Rice J, Gallis B, Haji L, Giachelli CM, Raines EW, Corson MA, Schwartz MW. Activation of IKKbeta by glucose is necessary and sufficient to impair insulin signaling and nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 39:327-334, 2005.

Morton, GJ, Gelling, RN, Niswender KD, Morrison CD, Rhodes CJ, Schwartz MW. Leptin regulates insulin sensitivity via phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase signaling in mediobasal hypothalamic neurons. Cell Metab. 2:411-420, 2005.

Schwartz MW, Porte D Jr. Diabetes, obesity, and the brain. Science. 307:375-379, 2005.

Gelling RW, Morton GJ, Niswender KD, Morrison CD, Myers M, Rhodes CJ, Schwartz MW. Insulin action in the brain contributes to glucose lowering during insulin treatment of diabetes. Cell Metab. 3:67-73, 2006.

Schwartz MW. Central Nervous System Regulation of Food Intake. Obesity. 1:1S-8S, 2006.

Pardini AW, Nguyen HT, Figlewicz DP, Basking DG, Williams DL, Schwartz MW. Distribution of Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 in Brain Areas Involved in Energy Homeostasis. Brain Res. 1112:169-178, 2006.

Morton GJ, Cummings DE, Baskin DG, Barsh GS, Schwartz MW. Central nervous system control of food intake and body weight. Nature. 443:289-295, 2006.

Weydt P, Pineda VV, Torrence AE, Libby RT, Satterfield TF, Lazarowski ER, Gilbert ML, Morton GJ, Bammler TK, Strand AD, Cui L, Beyer RP, Easley CN, Smith AC, Krainc D, Luquet S, Sweet IR, Schwartz MW, La Spada AR.  Thermoregulatory and metabolic defects in Huntington’s disease transgenic mice implicate PGC-1a in Huntington’s disease neurodegeneration. Cell Metab. 4:349-362, 2006.

Williams DL, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Leptin regulation of the anorexic response to glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor stimulation. Diabetes. 55:3387-3393, 2006.

Kim F, Pham M, Luttrell I, Bannerman DD, Tupper J, Thaler JP, Hawn TR, Raines EW, Schwartz MW. Toll like receptor-4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity. Circulation Research. 100:1589-1596, 2007.

Wisse BE, Ogimoto K, Tang J, Harris MK Jr, Raines EW, Schwartz MW. Evidence that LPS-induced anorexia depends upon central, rather thanperipheral, inflammatory signals. Endocrinology. 148:5230-5237, 2007.

Wisse BE, Kim F, Schwartz MW. Physiology. An integrative view of obesity. Science. 318:928-929, 2007.

Williams DL, Schwartz MW, Bastian LS, Blevins JE, Baskin DG. Immunocytochemistry and Laser Capture Microdissection for Real-time Quantitative PCR Identify Hindbrain Neurons Activated by Interaction Between Leptin and Cholecystokinin. J Histochem Cytochem. 56:285-293, 2008.

Gelling RW, Yan W, Fitzgerald SM, Lim PO, Al-Noori S, Pardini A, Morton GJ, Ogimoto K, Schwartz MW, Dempsey PJ. Deficiency of TNF-alpha Converting Enzyme (TACE/ADAM17) Causes a Lean, Hyper metabolic Phenotype in Mice. Endocrinology. 149:6053-6064, 2008.

Kim F, Pham M, Maloney E, Rizzo N, Morton GJ, Wisse BE, Kirk EA, Chait A, Schwartz MW. Vascular Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Reduced Nitric Oxide Production Precede the Onset of Peripheral Insulin Resistance. Atheroscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28:1982-1988, 2008.

Sarruf DA, Yu F, Nguyen H, Williams DL, Printz RL, Niswender KD, Schwartz MW. Expression of PPARg in key neuronal subsets regulating glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. Endocrinology. 150:707-712, 2009.

Williams DL, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Evidence that intestinal GLP-1 plays a physiological role in satiety. Endocrinology. 150:1680-1687, 2009. PMCID: PMC2659282.

Posey K, Clegg DJ, Printz RL, Byun J, Morton GJ, Vivekanandan-Giri A, Pennathur S, Baskin DG, Heinecke JW, Woods SC, Schwartz MW, Niswender KD. Hypothalamic proinflammatory lipid accumulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 296:E1003-1012, 2009. PMCID: PMC2681305.

Blevins JE, Morton GJ, Williams DJ, Caldwell DW, Bastian LS, Wisse BE, Schwartz MW, and Baskin DG. Forebrain melanocortin signaling enhances the hindbrain satiety response to CCK-8. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 296:R476-484, 2009.

Sweet IR, Gilbert M, Maloney E, Hockenbery DM, Schwartz MW, and Kim F.  Endothelial inflammation induced by excess glucose is associated with cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate but not increased mitochondrial respiration. Diabetologia. 52:921-931, 2009.  PMCID: PMC2741088.

Schur E, Kleinhans N, Goldberg J, Buchwald D, Schwartz MW, Maravilla K. Activation in brain energy regulation and reward centers by food cues varies with choice of visual stimulus. Int J Obes (Lond). 33:653-661, 2009. PMCID: PMC2697279.

Pamir N, McMillen TS, Kaiyala K, Schwartz MW, Leboeuf, R. Receptors for tumor necrosis factor-alpha play a protective role against obesity and alter adipose tissue macrophage status. Endocrinology. 150:4124-4134, 2009. PMCID: PMC2736076.

Maloney E, Sweet IR, Hockenbery DM, Pham M, Rizzo NO, Tateya, S Handa P, Schwartz MW, and Kim F. Activation of NF-ΚB by Palmitate in Endothelial Cells: A Key Role for NADPH Oxidase-Derived Superoxide in Response to TLR4 Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 29:1370-1375, 2009.  PMCID: PMC2775080.

German J, Kim F, Schwartz GJ, Havel PJ, Rhodes CJ, Schwartz MW, Morton GJ. Hypothalamic Leptin signaling regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity via a neurocircuit involving the vagus nerve. Endocrinology. 150:4502-4511, 2009. PMCID: PMC2754686.

Williams DL, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Hindbrain leptin receptor stimulation enhances the anorexic response to cholecystokinin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 297:R1238-1246, 2009. PMCID: PMC2777775.

Thaler JP, Choi SJ, Sajan MP, Ogimoto K, Nguyen HT, Matsen M, Benoit SC, Wisse BE, Farese RV, Schwartz MW. Atypical protein kinase C activity in the hypothalamus is required for lipopolysaccharide-mediated sickness responses. Endocrinology. 150:5362-5372, 2009. PMCID: PMC2795721.

Enns LC, Morton JF, Mangalindan RS, McKnight GS, Schwartz MW, Kaeberlein MR, Kennedy BK, Rabinovitch PS, Ladiges WC. Attenuation of age-related metabolic dysfunction in mice with a targeted disruption of the Cb subunit of protein kinase A. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences. 64:1221-1231, 2009. PMCID: PMC2773816.

Chiu HK, Qian K, Ogimoto K, Morton GJ, Wisse BE, Agrawal N, MacDonald T, Schwartz, MW, Dichek HL.  Mice lacking hepatic lipase are lean and protected against diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Endocrinology. 151:993-1001, 2010.  PMCID: PMC2840680.

Rizzo NO, Maloney E, Pham M, Luttrell I, Wessell H, Tateya S, Daum G, Handa P, Schwartz MW, and Kim F. Reduced Nitric Oxide/cGMP Signaling Contributes to Vascular Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Induced by High Fat Feeding. Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. 30:758-765, 2010. PMCID: PMC2865555.

Sarruf DA, Thaler JP, Morton GJ, German J, Fischer JD, Ogimoto K, and Schwartz MW. FGF21 Action in the Brain Increases Energy Expenditure and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Rats. Diabetes. 59:1817-1824, 2010. PMCID: PMC2889784.

Kaiyala KJ, Morton GJ, Leroux BG, Ogimoto K, Wisse BE and Schwartz MW. Identification of body fat mass as a major determinant of metabolic rate in mice. Diabetes. 59:1657-1666, 2010. PMCID: PMC2889765.

Oh-I S, Thaler JP, Ogimoto K, Wisse BE, Morton GJ, and Schwartz MW. Central administration of Interleukin-4 exacerbates hypothalamic inflammation and weight gain during hig-fat feeding. Am J Physiology. 299:E47-53, 2010. PMCID: PMC2904047.

Choi SJ, Kim F, Schwartz MW and Wisse BE. Cultured hypothalamic neurons are resistant to inflammation and insulin resistance induced by saturated fatty acids. Am J Physiology. 298:E1122-1130, 2010. PMCID: PMC2886534.

German J, Wisse BE, Thaler JP, Oh-I S, Sarruf DA, Ogimoto K, Kaiyala K, Fischer JD, Matsen ME, Taborsky GJ, Schwartz MW, and Morton GJ. Leptin deficiency causes insulin resistance induced by uncontrolled diabetes. Diabetes. 59:1626-1634, 2010. PMCID: PMC2889761.

Ellacott KL, Morton GJ, Woods SC, Tso P, and Schwartz MW.  Assessment of feeding behavior in laboratory mice.  Cell Metab. 12:10-17, 2010. PMCID: PMC2916675.

Baskin DG, Kim F, Gelling RW, Russell BJ, Schwartz MW, Morton GJ, Simhan HN, Moralejo DH, and Blevins JE. A new oxytocin-saporin cytotoxin for lesioning oxytocin-receptive neurons in the rat hindbrain. Endocrinology. 2010, in press. PMCID: PMC Journal - In Process.

Wisse BE, Schwartz MW. Does hypothalamic inflammation cause obesity? Cell Metab. 10:241-242, 2009.

Thaler JP, Schwartz MW, Wisse BE. Hypothalamic inflammation and energy homeostasis: Resolving the Paradox.  Front  Neuroendocrinol  31:79-84, 2010.

Thaler JP, Schwartz MW. Inflammation and obesity pathogenesis: The hypothalamus heats up.  Endocrinology.  2010, in press.

Myers MG, Leibel RL, Seeley RJ, Schwartz MW. Obesity and leptin resistance: Distinguishing Cause from Effect.  Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2010, in press.